Title: Bulletin (Pennsylvania Department of Forestry), no. 11
Identifier: bulletinpennsylv11pennx (find matches)
Year: 1901 (1900s)
Authors: Pennsylvania. Dept. of Forestry
Subjects: Forests and forestry
Publisher: Harrisburg, Pa. : The Department : WM. Stanley Ray, state printer of Pennsylvania
Contributing Library: Penn State University
Digitizing Sponsor: Lyrasis Members and Sloan Foundation

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153 t PLATE LXX. WILLOW OAK Khiwciiiiu liiiiiiili with iiiniiiitiiir leaves, (s( stiiiiiiimte lilussoiiis, f;i; pistillHle lilns- soins (i) iiimiHt\iif aioriis. x h. r.niiich witli nintiire leaves, iiimiatuie and inaturo ncciriis, x j. All ae«iin nip. x A. All ai'oni, X \. :,. Winter tuia with I.ikIs. jentieels, ai)<l im Illiltlire iieoflis, X \. »;. Seetii.ii i.f winter twi;.'. eiilaructl. 7. (iMss seeti r IwIk sh\viii« ;ieiitiin;:iilii r ;tifh. wihhI with eiiiis;iieiiiMis iiiediillarj pays, aiMl liark, eiilai;;<Ml. WILLOW OAK Quercus phellos, Linnaeus FOBM—This tree usually attains a height of 50-60 ft. with a diameter of l)-2 ft., but may reach a height of 80 ft. with a diameter of 4 feet. Crown usually narrow, rather open, pyramidal and round-topped. BARK—Beddish-brown, )•) of an inch thick, shallowly Assured and scaly. TWIOS^Rather stout, smooth and shining during first winter, reddish-brown to dark brown. BUDS—Alternate, ovate, about i of an inch long, strongly angled, sharp-pointed, covered by loosely overlapping dark brown scales which are slightly serrated on the margin. LEAVES—Alternate, narrowly elliptic, sometimes lanceolate, narrowed at apex and base. 3-5 inches long, )-l inch wide, entire or with slightly wavy margins; terminated by a sharp bristle- pointed apex. LEAF-SOABS—See "Leaf-Scars" under White Oak, page 138. FLOWER&—Appear about May when leaves are J developed. Staminate flowers slender, hairy, yellowish, 2-3 Inches long. Pistillate flowers borne on smooth slender stalks. FBVIT—An acorn, maturing at the end of the second season, usually solitary, sessile or nearly so. Nut hemispheric, i inch in diameter, pale yellow-brown, sometimes striate. Cup saucer- shaped, covers only a small portion of the base of the nut and is covered with close, thin, hairy, reddish-brovm scales. Kernel is very bitter and yellowish in color. WOOD—Ring-porous; with con&.picuouB medullary rays; strong, coarse-grained, rather soft and light brown. Weighs 47 lbs. per cubic foot. Used for fuel and to a limited extent for general construction and for felloes in wagon wheels. DISTINGUISHINa CHARACTEBISTICS—The Willow Oak, also known as the Peach Oak, Water Oak, Swamp Oak, and Pin Oak, may readily be distinguished from all the other oaks of Peimsylvania except the Laurel Oak by its characteristic leaf, which resembles the leaf of a willow rather than the typical oak leaf. The Laurel Oak is the only other Oak which bears n leaf that shows any resemblance, but its leaf is long and broader, more obtuse-pointed, and hairy beneath. The cups of the acorns of this species are flatter and the acorns smaller than those of the Laurel Oak, The buda of this species are dark chestnut-brown in color, while those of the Laurel Oak are light brown and not angular. KANGE—From New York to Florida, westward to Kentucky, Missouri, and Texas. DISTBIBUTION IN PENNSYLVANIA—Found only in the southeastern part of the State. Re- ported from Bucks, Chester, Delaware, Lancaster, and Philadelphia counties. HABITAT—Usually found on wet sandy soil, and occurs frequently along swamps and streams, but oocasionally is found on higher areas where it may reach a fair size. IMPORTANCE OF THE SPECIES—The Willow Oak is so limited in its natural distribution in this State and its wood is of so little commercial importance that it cannot be considered of forestal value. It should not be planted for forestry purposes but deserves to be planted orna- mentally, especially in parks and along avenues. It hybridizes with several species of other Oaks, especially the Red Oak, and these hybrids are often very attractive ornamentally. INTENTIONAL SECOND EXPOSURE

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