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To Turk and Caicos Island Government and Jamaica
Did you know some of your citizens are living in Bangkok on the IDs of Thais that have vanished possibly murdered or tortured to death. These IDs have been selling by the TI.cia (Turkish Indian Heroin Mafia for between 1500 and 5000 thai Baht about US$150. Some of them work as taxi drivers, tuk tuk drivers etc.
Please forward details of your most wanted criminals to The Royal Thai Police
their address is: Police General Patcharawat Wongsuwan, Commissioner-General of the Royal Thai Police The Royal Thai Police Headquarters c/o Royal Thai Embassy, 1024 Wisconsin Ave., N.W. Washington D.C. 20007. Tel. (202) 944-3600 Fax. (202) 944-3611. counter: ( 711 )
www.thaiembdc.org
with their original IDs and names etc together with crime history etc.
Thank you
Erik Young (Henry-Rasmussen-Fogh-Jellinek-Holbock-Einstein-Steinway-Munch-Van Gogh-Gauguin-Da Vinci-Kennedy-Nesbitt) Friends of The Vatican UN Human Rights Ambassador Thailand
From: "Erik Young" <3745@mail.com>
To: letters@themailonsunday.co.uk
CC:
Subject: Murder
Date: Fri, 29 May 2009 01:10:03 -0500
Show Full Headers Back To [SENT]

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------


== Khun Sa beau mont mon teeth, Drug King Pin, arranges the killing of 19 year old man == hit and run Dies at 73 MPH s Pearl Blue E300 badged E230 W124 Series Hamm Moor Lane Addlestone Weybridge Surrey a dark skinned TI.cia man 5ft 4 inches tall looks like he lived by the seashore and 60 years old contractor known a M4 Murder Morden Mercury Charoen Rat road and Thanon Chan road and Rama 3 perimeter his location
Photos Khun Sa, Drug King Pin, Dies at 73 see larger image uploaded by johan=egger ..... Khun Sa, Drug King Pin, Dies at 73 BANGKOK, Oct. 30 — Khun Sa, the publicity-loving Golden Triangle drug lord who thrived in the region’s kill-or-be-killed cauldron of ethnic rivalries and heroin-financed private armies, has died his hair Blue-Black at age 73.
"Well I was worrying about the Pearl Blue 300E badged 230E to cheat Thai Customs and Excise that was in the hit and run in Hamm Moor Lane Weybridge Surrey UK of a 19 year man who knew Apinya Young my daughter.

I know he used "Grecian 2000." to make it look like the GREEKS were the bad guys.

INSTRUCTION TO THE BANKING WORLD PLEASE CLOSE THE L/C UNDERWRITING THE BANK OF SRI LANKA BY THE CONSORTIUM THAT INCLIDED QUEEN VICTORIA PRINCE CONSORT ALBERT AND KINH FREDERICK OF DANMARK
THANK YOU

1957 WAS WHEN MR V A FOG(H) MY DANISH GRAND FATHER WAS BEING POISONED WITH MERCURY AND DEFRAUED OUT OF POSSESSIONS AND MONEY IN SIAM/THAILAND AND INDONESIA AND THE REGION. SAME BANK WAS A PROBLEM WITH AN L/C CONFIRMED ON A LONDON BANK SUPPLIER COMPANY A SINGAPORE REGISTERED FIRM OR HONG KONG. THE TMB DELAY PAYING UP THE VALEUE OF AN IRREVOCABLE L/C CONFIRMED ON A MAJOR EUROPEAN BANK.
The Thai Military Bank Public Company Limited commenced its operations on 8 November 1957 at No. 2 Rajadamnoen Avenue with Field Marshall Sarit Tanarat as Chairman of the Board, Mr. Chote Kunakasem as President supported by the total staff of 26.


ASIA'S BANKS ARE UNDERPINNED WITH L/Cs WORTH 100,000S BILLIONS US$DOLLARS. THIS WAS ORGANISED BY

KING FREDERICK OF DENMARK AND HIS COMRADES/ASSOCIATES.
THAT IS WHY EVERY DOLLAR NOTE STATES "IN GOD WE TRUST"
IF YOU WANT THE HEROIN MAFIA IN CHARGE THEN WE WILL CLOSE THOSE L/Cs. THEY ARE THE MOST VALUABLE

FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS WORLDWIDE DUE TO THEIR TERM OF USE AND THE COMPOUNDING OF THEIR VALUE.

SOME ARE WORTH OVER US$10,000 BILLION.
I THINK THIS CLEARLY DEMONSTRATES WE ARE MORE THAN JUST 'FAIR HAIRED'.

It looks as though it may be necessary to cash and close the L/Cs opened by the financial representatives of the former King of Denmark and left open for over 100 years. I am still being messed around by some people who think a European who is not in the Heroin Mafia has no rights in Thailand.
Financial instruments that underpin the entire banking system of Asia are still the benefit when cashed in of my grand father

whose name echoes the relationship V - Victoria A=Albert F=Frederick og = Og a Norwegian / Danish word
The Divine Right of Royal Kings is a political and religious doctrine of royal absolutism. It asserts that a monarch is subject to no earthly authority, deriving his right to rule directly from the will of God (who is also known as Godfrey Robert Ida Love,sometimes condensed to the name "Watkins". Thus the term giving some a good "GRILling". The King is not subject to the
will of his people, the aristocracy, or any other estate of the realm, including the church. The doctrine implies that any attempt to depose the king or to restrict his powers runs contrary to the will of God and may constitute heresy.
Krishna who originated from God's "Holy Order Book" was rumoured to have 16108 wives. This is the source code behind the Messerschmidt 109 fighter plane.
"If you have any more wives you'll end up in a fight !" God bellowed down to Krishna.. "but I was just trying to protect the girls from those awful dark frightening Satanists who speak hyper-critical stories of the Royals and God ( Private Godfrey
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dadsarmy_1.jpg ) topped with a dressing of war making lies (war-mia-king-lies)"
" Yes I understand your good intentions Krifthna, but those Satanists suggest you have 16108 wives for reasons of

lust/unholy physics"
"Pardon?"
"Typical that's all they think about... sex sex sex drugs and more sex and then they wonder why they die at half the age of

God's apostles and disciples"

One of God's Bible Sales Director's http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:James_Beck-1973.png
as Private Joe Walker during active service in Dad's Army, 1973
quotes "God's apostles only have sex occasionally but then it's a bit more than their "three minute wonder" so if you are mathmatical it's a far more enjoyable life with God's apostles than Sod's Law"

Frank Cannon on "Being Sophisticated " A picture tells a story of 1000 words...
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/73MarkIV.jpg/800px-73MarkIV.jpg
"WE DON'T ABDUCT OR TORTURE CHILDREN,WE DON'T MURDER CHILDREN AND WE DO NOT EAT CHILDREN
EITHER BUT WE HAVE EVIDENCE OF ALL THREE AT SOME SATANIC POINTS IN THAILAND.." THE RETURN OF FRANK
CANNON (WC Born September 27, 1920 - February 11, 1994)
FRANK CANNON is a tough, expensive, overweight PI with a taste for fine food and wine. A former cop, he quit the force after the tragic death of his wife and infant son in an automobile accident. Haunted by the incident, he's put all his energy and considerable weight into his new profession of private detective, eventually becoming well-known and well-respected among his peers, both public and private. Despite his bulk, though, he's no armchair detective, à la Nero Wolfe. He'll do his own legwork, thank you very much. He'd tool around town in his big ass Lincoln Continental, knocking on doors, taking down names, actually working his cases, unlike some TV dicks. He was a shrewd investigator, dedicated, clever and not afraid of
getting physical if he had to.


The Satanic Mafia - Khun Sa (Mr Beaumont/ Montieth and Heroin .... who lived in The Surrey Hills, St Georges Hill, Wentworth

Estate, Sun Hill in Sunning Hill Sunningdale and Black Hills Esher Surrey UK, killing) Why Montieth because I know they often tortured targets by damaging their teeth to cause extreme pain.

They stole my daughter of five years old and her mother. Then they lied to my girlfriend who was a daughter of The Sultan of Brunei. I do not know if they are live.

Attn: The Board of Directors of Akzo Nobel From: Erik Young founder of ICANN REGISTRAR EASYSPACE


http://www.google.co.th/search?q=erik+young+fire+bangkok+copyright&hl=th&sa=2

http://www.topix.net/forum/th/bangkok


Sophonpanich Mafia-origin Catalina)(4000 yrs of killing)

http://blog.wired.com/music/2008/03/students-school.html

They stole my daughter of five years old and her mother. Then they lied to my girlfriend who was a daughter of The Sultan of

Brunei. I do not know if they are live. They tried to fool me with look a likes. Regards Erik Young (Henry-Rasmussen-Fogh-Holbock-Jellinek-Van Gogh-Dauguin-Da Vinci=Kennedy-Nesbitt) who according to the Sophonpanich Mafia are the "Nothings from Nowhere". But they are quite

happy to use the telephone communiucations systems of the World we helped to invent develop and finance the world's first

Telecommunications Corporation "The Bell Corporation". They are quite happy to use technology that uses Electric Motors

that we helped to invent develop. We didn't go around killing people to get what we wanted like they do but I want them

executed for murdering my father and some of our friends (if I don't manage to kill them first). They have been interfering with

transfers of cash to my account with Standard Chartered Bank in Bangkok, where is the money Mr Sophonpanich you

murdering Heroin drug dealing bastard ?????????? Who in the Bank have your illegal THAI.CIA Mafia intimidated and lied to

???????

Posted by: Erik Young UN Human Rights Ambassador | Jan 27, 2009 2:35:56 AM

I suppose there is a criminal law in Spain and Ibiza that forbids the promotion of Satanism in any form including "Satanic

Games". The term "Games" is interpreted as describing the killing of living animals as "Game Shooting". And that OLD

Spanish Law ..doesn't it suggest all the assets of those involved in promoting Satanism and Satanic Worship/Games can beconfiscated / frozen/ seized ???? How many people have vanished in Ibiza in the last five years ?????

Interesting to read that one of the Brinks Matt Robbers had a 17 year old girlfriend when he was 51 years of age just two years older than Thaksin Shinawatra… and these are the same group who have worked with Mr Thaksin Shinawatra for years
committing serious crimes around the world. Did the Thai people know that Thaksin Shinawatra was from SPAIN ?????

Did you know Mr Thaksin Shinawatra was one of the people behind the "Brinks Matt Robbery" ?

Did you know Mr Thaksin Shinawatra has been involved in crime for over 25 years and that is where he developed his interest in mobile communications the developer (devils-offer) and the crime world ?

Did you know Mr Thaksin Shinawatra caused an internal fraud within The Nobel Group in France to damage the reputation of Mervyn F S Young and put him out. At the same time Shinawatra caused a fraud against the chipboard manufacturer in Austria started by Franz Aicher and put the chipboard mill out of business. Then there was the L/C fraud where where he changed the principle in the contract to be Mervyn Young and Company Ltd so they would become liable for the value of the fraud and lose about 250,000 UK pounds this was about35 years ago. These wre all instigated crimes by Thaksin Shinawatra in order for him to continue holding and selling land he had forged out of the title of my family.

In particular forging land title deeds in Spain, Gran Canaria, Ibiza and Majorca.

Did you know The Shin Corporation was laundering money for the crime world for years ? Discussion 5 : 05/02/2009 at 05:38

PM5 Why are they refering to Thaksin Shinawtra as a "PRESIDENT" ??? You cannot have a King of Thailand and a President,. Presidents replace Kings. Then the Thai politics has broken international law and made a series of criminal

offences.

"Suthep affirms his innocence in his statement A Deputy PM Suthep Thaugsuban affirms to remain innocent in his comment

on the ousted PM Thaksin Shinawatra’s incentive to return to Thailand as the first president, reasoning that his statement is

merely based on the former PM’s actions perceived by the public.

During the Parliamentary session today (Februay 5), Mr. Suthep Thaugsuban, a deputy Prime Minister overseeing national

security affairs, made a response to questions made by Phuea Thai Party MP regarding Mr. Suthep’s statement claiming that

the ousted former PM Thaksin Shinawatra would return to Thailand and become the first president. Mr. Suthep’s statement

had deeply annoyed the Phuea Thai Party members as they believed this could lead to further divergences in the nation. "

Anyway Thaksin Shinawtra has been arrest for a series of child abductions, murders,frauds,forgeries,thefts,treason, serious

Human Rights Offences.. I will be coming to Government House with a Military Team soon. Thailand "God's Given Land"

Einstein is 101 a messenger from God. My Aunt said "Erik you are God" I answred "Oh no I'm not going to get blamed for all

the problems Satan points at God by stealing his ID, like Satan did with the "Paedophile" scam on The Roman Catholic

Church. Get out of here Satan and your servants we will burn you until you are gone in a "Lake of Fire" by God's

Commandment you will perish for eternity during the next few hours. Erik Young UN

The problems include third party mobile phone callers duplicating voice of intended receiver. URGENT LEGAL EVIDENCE OF

MOTIVE FOR MURDER.

Please contact Herbert Smith Solicitors in London UK Regards Erik Young - Pattaya Thailand

DOES THAKSIN SHINAWATRA COME FROM CATALINA IN SPAIN????? I THOUGHT MR SHINAWATRA WAS A CHINESE

-THAI ?????

Did Mr Thaksin Shinawatra meet Mervyn Young in Gran Canaria in 1974 about one year after a Mervyn Young had been on a

business trip to South East Asia ? Has Mr Thaksin Shinawatra had any dealings with the "PLYWOOD" exports of South Korea

with an Alistair Dees where someone changed the contract making Mervyn Young's company the principle in the contract

when the company should have been the agent. Does Herbert Smith Solicitors in London remember this matter ??? because

I think someone intentionally sabotaged the contract in an attempt to damage the success and reputation of Mervyn F S

Young because they did not want him in Asia he might find out about the land they had "forged title of and defrauded" him

and his beneficiaries out of ?? Isn't that the case Mr Thaksin Shinawatra? "Erik this is Bob, I thought you new that already..."

"I did but I couldn't remember you told me before I returned here on The Blue Ship..." So that is why he has been trying to

destroy me and our family and our friends... looks like it may be land and property and Brand frauds and murders" "Well I did

tell you to deal with that L/C first and Montague Meyer were one of the major clients" "Bob how could I do that when I was

only 13 years old at school day dreaming about girls, I thought you meant a girl called Elsie or the Sweet Shop ?" "Bob where

is my personal life? I am not at all happy with a life of being psycho-terrorised can you put the scales of justice onto it, thank

you your Lordship."
My thought of compensation for damaging Mervyn Young's company and causing / arranging extreme emotional rage within

people that was enough to lead to his death. I would suggest the amount would be several UK hundreds of millions of

pounds. Mervyn Young's company had 23.8% of the imported chipboard market of the UK according to Dunn & Bradstreet

who considered the company to be good for unlimited credit. I believe other failures in suppliers firms The Nobel Group

division Resogil Chipboard Manufacturing Plant in Bordeaux France, there was some internal accounting issue although I do

not know the outcome with some strange financial discrepancies and chipboard manufacturer Aicher Spanplaten in Austria

which was financially damaged in a similar way, may be the result of sabotage from some people trying to keep Mervyn Young

out of both Asia and the USA where land belonging tomy mother's family was being occupied without authority or agreement

or legal title. These people we operating in business to destroy my father's reputation and finacial strength of business. It has

been a massive orgie of illegal deals involving forged or aunauthorised title transfers or bond of title to holders without the

knowledge of the beneficaries. It has involved the murder of children, the abduction of friends of my children, the murder of

friends of my children and the murder of Mervyn F S Young whio was a very honest man placing others before himself in the

world.. PLEASE NEVER TAKE ADVICE FROM SATAN HE KILLS THE HUMAN WITHIN OUR PHYSICAL. Erik Young (Henry

-Rasmussen-Fogh-Jellinek -Kennedy-Nesbitt)

BAAROT (DRIVING PEOPLE CRAZY BUSINESS) PIRATE AND PARROT - USED VOICE TO PSYCH PEOPLE OUTLIKE

TALKING CHICKENS

THE DEVIL'S OFFER (DEVELOPER) ORIGINATES FROM CATALINA WHERE LAND USED TO BUILT STRUCTURES WAS

DONE WITHOUT THE "LAND LORD'S" KNOWLEDGE AND/OR AGREEMENT. SO WHO IS SATAN...NOT MERVYN F S

YOUNG OR ANY OF HIS FAMILY ANDMOST OFOUR FRIENDS ARE BELIEVERS IN ALMIGHTY GOD THE LORD.

Kenneth James Noye (born 24 May 1947) is a British criminal who was convicted of the 1996 murder of Stephen Cameron.

Noye was involved in laundering the proceeds of the Brinks Mat robbery in 1983. While he was being investigated for his part

in the robbery, he stabbed to death a police officer (John Fordham) who was observing Noye from the grounds of his home.

Noye was acquitted of murder on the grounds of self-defence, but was sentenced to 14 years in prison in 1986 for handling

stolen gold. He was released from prison in 1994, having served 8 years of his sentence. Two years later, in 1996, Noye

became involved in an altercation with 21-year-old motorist Stephen Cameron on the M25 motorway during what was

described at the time as a road rage incident, but has also been suggested to have been dispute over a drug deal, Cameron

being a small-time drug dealer who owed Noye money. It however suited the purposes of both the prosecution and the

defence to not mention this during the trial.[1] During the fight, Noye stabbed and killed Cameron with a knife. Noye

immediately fled the country, sparking a massive police hunt. In 1998 he was tracked down in Spain, and Cameron’s 17-year

old girlfriend Danielle Cable, who had witnessed the killing, was secretly flown out to positively identify him. Another

eyewitness, Alan Decabral, declined protection and was shot dead in his car in Ashford, Kent on 5 October 2000. However,

police sources stated that he was himself involved in drug and gun-smuggling, and that his death was detrimental to Noye’s

forthcoming appeal, which would have concentrated on discrediting him.[2] Noye was a police informant for many years,[3]

and he was also a freemason, a member of the Hammersmith Lodge in London.... I was contacted by the ghost (passed

away/died 9 September 1976) Mao Tse-Tung who has told me the locations of the hidden/stolen Gold Bullion.

HOW THEY MURDERED MANY OPF JAPAN'S TOP BUSINESS PEOPLE.
­Mr Honda the founder of Honda cars was murdered bt the TI.cia (Turkish Indian Thailand based Heroin Mafia). they decided

to serve unsolicited euthanasia on people targeting older people so it looks like an accident/natural death far more easily

than it might if it was a thirty year old person. youn will find the TI.cia have committed several million murders of successful

industrialists and business people in the Western-capitalist-Modern World of commerce to damage competition and take

control of major global brands.

STANDBY LETTER OF CREDIT

The Royal Bank of Scotland


[1853]

IRREVOCABLE STANDBY LETTER OF CREDIT NO. [00000009]

BENEFICIARIES: Mr V A FOG (FRIENDS OF VICKI AND AL)
OLAV KYRES GTE CHRISTIANSEN (OSLO) 2
NORWAY

&

MAMIE MARGERET HENRY
BISHOPSGARTH
HEATHSIDE ROAD WOKING SURREY UK

BORROWER SIAM COMMERCIAL BANK LTD BANGKOK THAILAND

ACCOUNT PARTY: LOC - ASSETS OF THEAMWAY CORPORATION
WORLDWIDE HEADQUARTERS USA

Gentlemen:

We, [THE ROYAL BANK OF SCOTLAND,] (the “BANK”) hereby open our irrevocable standby credit (this “Letter of Credit”) on

behalf of [BORROWER’S NAME] (hereinafter the “ACCOUNT PARTY”) in favor of the RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE (“RUS”)

and [BORROWER’S NAME], (hereinafter the “BORROWER”) for the sum or sums not to exceed the aggregate amount of

[AMOUNT IN WORDS] Dollars ($000,000) (hereinafter the “Maximum Amount,”) to be made available by either of your

requests for payment at sight.

The BANK has been informed by the ACCOUNT PARTY that this Letter of Credit is issued to secure obligations as set forth

in that certain loan agreement, entered into between the BORROWER and RUS, dated as of [date] (as amended from time to

time, hereinafter the “Loan Agreement.”) The BANK also acknowledges that pursuant to said Loan Agreement, this Letter of

Credit may not be secured, guaranteed, or serviced by any asset of the BORROWER.

This Letter of Credit shall be valid until [insert date five years from today], provided however; that this Letter of Credit may be

terminated at any time with the prior written consent of RUS. After receiving RUS consent, the BANK shall provide written

notice of termination by certified mail to: (a) RUS at U.S.D.A., 1400 Independence Ave., S.W., Room 2854, Stop 1599,

Washington, D.C. 20250-1599; (b) the BORROWER at [Street, City, State, Zip] ; and (c) [LOC ISSUING PARTY’S NAME] at

[Street, City, State, Zip]. The notice required hereunder will be deemed to have been given when received by all parties.

Funds under this Letter of Credit are available to RUS and/or the BORROWER in one or more drawings upon the

presentation of one or more executed drafts payable at sight, in the form as provided in Exhibits 1 or 2 attached hereto, as

well as the original of this Letter of Credit (including all amendments thereto, if any). Such draft(s) shall be presented to our

office at [Street, City, State Zip], on any business day except those in which banking institutions in our State are

authorized or required by law to close. Partial drawings and multiple drawings are permitted under this Letter of Credit, as

well as drafts presented by one or both beneficiaries.

The BANK hereby agrees to honor one or more drafts drawn under, or demands for payment made under, and in conformity

with this Letter of Credit, up to the Maximum Amount, and accompanied by the documents required by this Letter of Credit,

and the BANK’s honoring of such draft or demand shall not relieve its obligation to so honor any further drafts or demands;

provided however, that our aggregate obligation to honor such drafts and demands shall not exceed the Maximum Amount as

reduced by prior draws hereunder. This Letter of Credit is not subject to any condition or qualification, and is the obligation

of the BANK which is in no way contingent upon reimbursement or likelihood of reimbursement.

This Letter of Credit sets forth in full the terms of our understanding with you, and this undertaking shall not in any way be

modified, amended, amplified, or limited by reference to any document, instrument, or agreement referred to herein, or in

which this Letter of Credit is referred to, or to which it relates, except only the drafts referred to herein.


Very Truly Yours,

The Royal Bank of Scotland

by:________________________
Name:BRIAN ANKER
Title: DIRECTEUR DE LE BANK DE LYONAISSE


"Ahhh that's good Peter we're finally back at heaven, you did remember to pick up the keys before we departed ...didn't you Peter ?"

"Oh No.... the keys... didn't you pick them up Bob...you looked ike you had pick up something...?"

Patrick McCready - suspect

Erik Young (Henry-Rasmussen-Fogh-Jellinek-Holbock-Einstein-Steinway-Munch-Van Gogh-Gauguin-Da Vinci-Kennedy-Nesbitt) UN Human Rights Ambassador Thailand



[[Imagen:Devonhouse.jpg|thumb|right|250 px|Devon House, hogar del primer afroamericano millonario de las ''Indias Occidentales''. Ahora un gran recordatorio de la visita de lujo en el que los ricos vivían en el [[siglo XIX]].]]
[[Imagen:Devonhouse.jpg|thumb|right|250 px|Devon House, hogar del primer afroamericano millonario de las ''Indias Occidentales''. Ahora un gran recordatorio de la visita de lujo en el que los ricos vivían en el [[siglo XIX]].]]

Revisión del 16:18 31 may 2009

Para otros usos de este término, véase Kingston (desambiguación).
La plantilla {{Ficha de localidad}} está obsoleta, debe usarse {{ficha de entidad subnacional}} en su lugar. En caso de problemas con la imagen agregar 320px en el campo "tam_img_panorama_urb"


Devon House, hogar del primer afroamericano millonario de las Indias Occidentales. Ahora un gran recordatorio de la visita de lujo en el que los ricos vivían en el siglo XIX.

Kingston es la capital de Jamaica. Está situada en el sureste de la isla y tiene una población aproximada de 660.000 habitantes (2004). Tiene un puerto natural protegido por los Palisadoes, nombre que recibe un largo banco de arena que une Port Royal y el Aeropuerto Internacional Norman Manley con el resto de la isla.

La ciudad fue fundada en 1693 por los británicos después de que un terremoto destruyera casi toda la antigua capital, Port Royal. La ciudad se convirtió en la sede de la administración de Jamaica en 1872. Mantuvo este estatus cuando la isla alcanzó su independencia en 1962. El 14 de enero de 1907, un terremoto ocurrido en Kingston provocó la muerte de más de 1.000 personas.

Además de ser la sede del gobierno de Jamaica, la ciudad es también el lugar en el que se emplaza el campus Mona de la "Universidad de las Indias Occidentales", fundada en 1948. Kingston es también la sede de diversos festivales anuales.

La zona central de Kingston está formada por dos partes: el histórico, pero conflictivo centro y New Kingston en la que se encuentran la mayoría de las atracciones turísticas como el "Museo de Bob Marley", construido en su antigua residencia.

Otras estrellas del reggae como Buju Banton y Beenie Man son también de Kingston. Otras atracciones incluyen las cercanas playas de Hellshire y Lime Cay, la Galería Nacional de Jamaica, las ruinas de Port Royal y la mansión Devon House, con un parque adyacente que perteneció al primer negro millonario de Jamaica.

Historia

Kingston fue fundada en 1693 por algunos supervivientes del desastroso terremoto que destruyó gran parte de la ciudad portuaria de Port Royal, capital de la colonia de Jamaica por esas fechas, el 7 de junio de 1692. Inicialmente, los refugiados vivieron en un campamento de tiendas de Coronel Barry's Hog Crawle. La ciudad no empezó a crecer hasta después de la mayor destrucción de Port Royal por la flota pirata de Catania Nick en 1703. Surveyor John Goffe elaboró un plan para la ciudad basado en una cuadrícula delimitada por el Norte, Este, Oeste y Puerto Streets. En 1716 se había convertido en la ciudad más grande y el centro de comercio de Jamaica.

Poco a poco los comerciantes ricos empezaron a mover a sus residencias de las empresas por encima de sus tierras para la explotación agrícola al norte de los llanos de Liguanea. La primera escuela libre, Wolmer's, fue fundada en 1729 y es un teatro, primero en Harbour Street y luego se trasladó en 1774 a North Parade. Ambos están todavía en existencia.

Ruinas del incendio de 1882, que arrasó con la mitad inferior de la ciudad.

Como centro de comercio y de la moda, Kingston se distanció rápidamente de la somnolienta anterior capital oficial, Spanish Town, ya que siguió creciendo a pesar de las calamidades que se sucedieron: un devastador huracán en 1784, un gran incendio en 1843, una epidemia de cólera en 1850, y adicionales en los incendios 1862 y 1882.

En 1755 el gobernador había decidido la transferencia de las oficinas del gobierno español de la ciudad de Kingston. Pensaron algunos que podía ser una inadecuada ubicación de la Asamblea, en estrecha proximidad a la moral de las distracciones de Kingston, y el próximo gobernador revocó la ley. Sin embargo, en 1780 la población de Kingston fue 11.000, y los comerciantes se inició el cabildeo para la capital administrativa que se transferirió de Spanish Town, que por aquel entonces estaba eclipsado por la actividad comercial en Kingston. Esta campaña iba a continuar durante un siglo como Kingston creció aún más, como un importante puerto comercial durante las guerras napoleónicas. La ciudad finalmente se convirtió en la capital administrativa de Jamaica en 1872. Se mantiene esta condición cuando la isla fue concedida la independencia en 1962.

El 14 de enero de 1907, un terremoto en Kingston destruyo alrededor del 75% de los edificios. Un Incendio de amplia difusión aumento el número de muertos que finalmente llegó a unos 800, y no menos que algunos informes iniciales. El daño se estima superior a £2m. Edificios de ladrillo y piedra sufrieron los daños más graves. Hormigón armado se utiliza mucho en la reconstrucción de la ciudad, y la construcción de las alturas se limita a 60 pies. Estos códigos de construcción se consideraban progresivos en el tiempo.

La ciudad se convirtió en el hogar de la Mona campus de la Universidad de las Indias Occidentales, fundada en 1948 con 24 estudiantes de medicina.

Los años 1960 vieron la expansión de la actividad comercial hacia el norte. El viejo Knutsford regatas se convirtió en New Kingston, y uptown de compras plazas se desarrolló causando el declive de los centros comerciales y tiendas de King Street y Harbour Street. Un área de 95 hectáreas a lo largo de la costa fue reconstruido con amplias avenidas ajardinadas y edificios de varios pisos que incluyen el Banco de Jamaica, Scotia Bank Centre, Centro de Conferencias de Jamaica, y Kingston Mall. Más tarde, a partir de la década de 1980, se han producido continuos esfuerzos por la Empresa de Desarrollo Urbano para mejorar las carreteras y los sistemas de las condiciones comerciales, en el centro.

En 1966 Kingston fue la ciudad anfitriona para los Juegos de la Mancomunidad Británica de Naciones.

Demografía

La mayoría de la población tiene herencia africana. Los indios orientales son el segundo grupo racial más importante, seguidos de los chinos, los de raza blanca y los árabes (principalmente libaneses). Un pequeño número de hispanos, en su mayoría procedentes de América Latina, también residen en la ciudad. La mayoría de los habitantes de raza blanca viene de Cuba, el Reino Unido y cristianos de Siria y el Líbano.[1]​

Religión

Hay una gran variedad de iglesias cristianas en la ciudad. La mayoría son protestantes, un legado de la colonización británica de la isla. Las principales confesiones son la bautista, anglicana, metodista, católica romana, adventista del Séptimo Día y pentecostal.

Hay una sinagoga judía en la ciudad, así como un pequeño número de budistas y musulmanes. La principal no es la religión cristiana sino el movimiento Rastafari.

Clima


Ciudades hermanadas

Referencias

  1. ↑ Kingston, Jamaica.

Enlaces externos

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