Usuario:Saulbandala/Taller
El Condado de Norfolk fue un condado del sur de Hampton Roads en el este de Virginia, en los Estados Unidos, que fue creado en 1691. Después de la Guerra Civil Americana, durante un periodo de aproximadamente 100 años, partes del condado de Norfolk se perdieron y el territorio del condado fue reducido mientras era anexado por las ciudades independientes y crecientes de Norfolk, Portsmouth y South Norfolk. En 1963, los votantes aprobaron, mediante un referendum en dos jurisdicciones, que se consolidaran las porciones restantes del condado de Norfolk con la diminuta ciudad de South Norfolk. A esta nueva ciudad la llamaron Ciudad de Chesapeake. Aunque está organizada como una ciudad, y es una de las más grandes en Virginia, Chesapeake tiene tanto áreas urbanas como secciones rurales. Las últimas incluyen una gran porción del Great Dismal Swamp y grandes porciones de bosques protegidos.
Shires to counties 1634-1691
[editar]During the 17th century, shortly after establishment of the Jamestown Settlement in 1607, English settlers explored and began settling the areas adjacent to what is known as Hampton Roads. By 1634, the English colony of Virginia consisted of eight shires or counties with a total population of approximately 5,000 inhabitants. One of these was Elizabeth City Shire, which included an area on both sides of Hampton Roads. The northern portion became Elizabeth City County in 1643. It is now incorporated into the city limits of Hampton.
In 1636 the southern portion of Elizabeth City Shire became New Norfolk County by order of King Charles I of England. This area was divided again in 1637 into Upper and Lower Norfolk counties.
1691 Norfolk County created: Adam Thoroughgood
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In 1691 Lower Norfolk County was in turn divided in two to form Norfolk and Princess Anne counties to accommodate settlement.
Captain Adam Thoroughgood (1604–1640) is credited with naming Norfolk County. Thoroughgood was a prominent resident of the colony. Like so many others at that time, he had been born in England and immigrated to Virginia. He named the new county after his original "home" county across the Atlantic Ocean.
After 1691, Norfolk County remained more or less intact for over 200 years. Portsmouth became the county seat and a major area of commerce, along with Norfolk. Smaller towns were formed at Berkley and South Norfolk. In 1871, Portsmouth and Norfolk became independent cities, a jurisdiction in Virginia, and separated from Norfolk County, though Portsmouth remained the county seat. South Norfolk became an independent city in 1919.
In the following years, the county lost additional territory. The incorporated town of Berkley as well as the areas of Sewell's Point, Willoughby Spit, and Ocean View were annexed successively by Norfolk. By 1960, the entire area of Norfolk County on the east side of the Elizabeth River north of Virginia Beach Boulevard had been annexed by other jurisdictions. On other sides, West Norfolk (Churchland) was lost to Portsmouth, and South Norfolk had also annexed a portion of the county.
1963: Creating a new city, Chesapeake
[editar]In Virginia, cities are immune from annexation by each other. In the early 1960s, the most recent attempt by the City of Norfolk to annex another portion of Norfolk County threatened to completely surround the tiny City of South Norfolk. That failed annexation would have threatened South Norfolk's viability as an independent entity. Since Norfolk County residents also feared future annexation suits, in this battle of municipalities, the residents of Norfolk County and the city of South Norfolk became allies.
A strategy successfully used about 10 years earlier by Elizabeth City County, the Town of Phoebus, and the City of Hampton offered a solution. In 1963, after a referendum of South Norfolk and of Norfolk County's voters, and the approval of the Virginia General Assembly, South Norfolk and almost all of remaining Norfolk County consolidated and reorganized as the new City of Chesapeake, with the name chosen by the voters.
See also
[editar]- Elizabeth River Shire
- New Norfolk County
- Lower Norfolk County
- Berkley
- City of South Norfolk
- City of Chesapeake
- City of Norfolk
- City of Portsmouth
- Sewell's Point
- Willoughby Spit
- Ocean View
- Bower's Hill
- Lambert's Point
- Deep Creek
- Western Branch
- Great Bridge
- Portsmouth Courthouse
References
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Este artículo incorpora texto de una publicación sin restricciones conocidas de derecho de autor: 
Varios autores (1910-1911). «Encyclopædia Britannica». En Chisholm, Hugh, ed. Encyclopædia Britannica. A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, Literature, and General information (en inglés) (11.ª edición). Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.; actualmente en dominio público.
