Usuario:Uhanu/Taller
Apariencia
Tablas comparativas[editar]
Cántabro Occ. | Cántabro Or. | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Glosa | Latín | Asturiano | Montañés | Pasiego | Features |
"alto" | ALTUM | altu | altu | altu | ALTUM > altu |
"caer" | CADĔRE [1] | cayer | cayer | cayer | Before short e, /d/ → /y/. |
"decir" | DĪCERE | dicir | dicir/icir | dicir/dicer/icir | Conjugation shift -ERE → -IR |
"hacer" | FACERE | facer/facere | jacer [2] | hacer [3] | Western /f/→[h]. Eastern /f/→∅. |
"hierro" | FERRUM | fierro | jierru | yerru | Occidental /ferum/ > [hjeru]. Oriental /ferum/ > [hjeru] > [jeru] > [ʝeru]. |
"llama" | FLAMMAM | llama | llapa [4] | llama [5] | Palatalización /FL-/ > /ʎ/ (or /j/, debido al yeismo occidental) |
"fuego" | FOCUM | fueu/fuegu | jueu | juigu/juegu [6] | Western: FOCUM > [huecu] > [huegu] > [hueu]. Eastern: FOCUM > [xuecu] > [xuegu]/[xuigu] (metaphony). |
"lar" | LĀR | llar | llar [7] | lar [8] | Western: Palatalization of ll-, yeísmo. |
"leer" | LEGERE | lleer | leer | leyer [9] | Eastern: pervivence of -g- as -y-. |
"lomo" | LUMBUM [10] | llombu | lombu/llombu | lumu/lomu [11] | Western: conservatino of -MB- group. Eastern: metaphony. |
"madre" | MATREM | madre/ma | madre | madri | Eastern: closing of final final -e. |
"mirlo" | MIRULUM | mierbu | miruellu | miruilu [12] | Westen: palatalization of -l-. Eastern: metaphony. |
"mostrar" | MOSTRARE | amosar | amostrar [13] | mostrar | Western: prothesis. |
"nudo" | *NODUS | ñudu | ñudu | ñudu | Palatalization of Latin N- |
"nuestro" | NOSTRUM | nuestru/nuesu | nuestru | muistru [14] | Eastern: metaphony and confusion between Latin pronoun nos and 1st person plural ending -mos. |
"tos" | TUSSEM | tus | tus | tus | |
"casi" | QUASI | cuasi | cuasi | casi | |
"traer" | TRAHĔRE[15] | trayer | trayer | trayer | Conservation of Latin -h- by -y-. |
"ver" | VIDĒRE | ver | veer | veyer [16] | Eastern: before short e, /d/ → /y/. |
Cántabro Occ. | Cántabro Or. | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Glosa | Latín | Asturiano | Montañés | Pasiego | Caraterísticas |
"foto" | -- | foto | jotu | afutu [17][18] | Western shows [f] > [h], while Eastrn prefers prothesis. |
"perro/perros" | -- | perru/perros | perru/perros | pirru/perrus [19] | Western masculine singular -u, plural -os. Eastern masculine singular -u + metaphony, plural -us. |
Las siguientes notas solo se aplican a los derivativos cántabros, pero podrían darse también en otras variantes asturleonesas:
- ALa plantilla
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está obsoleta, véase el nuevo sistema de referencias. Many verbs keep the etymological -h- or -d- as an internal -y-. This derivation is most intense in the Pasiegan Dialect.
- BLa plantilla
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está obsoleta, véase el nuevo sistema de referencias. Latin -MB- group is only retained in the derivatives of a group containing few, but very used, Latin etyma: lumbum (loin), camba (bed), lambere (lick), etc. however, it has not been retained during other more recent word derivations, such as tamién (also), which comes from the -mb- reduction of también a compound of tan (as) and bien (well).
- CLa plantilla
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está obsoleta, véase el nuevo sistema de referencias. In Pasiegan dialect, all masculine singular nouns, adjectives and some adverbs retain an ancient vowel mutation called Metaphony, thus: lumu (one piece of loin) but lomu (uncountable, loin meat), the same applies for juigu (a fire/campfire) and juegu (fire, uncountable) and muistru and muestru (our, masculine singular and uncountable, respectively).
- DLa plantilla
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está obsoleta, véase el nuevo sistema de referencias. Most Western Cantabrian Dialects retain the ancient initial F- as an aspiration (IPA [h]), so: FACERE > /haθer/. This feature is still productive for all etyma starting with [f]. An example of this is the Greek root phōs (light) which, through Spanish foto (photo) derives in jotu (IPA: [hotu])(photography).
- DLa plantilla
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está obsoleta, véase el nuevo sistema de referencias. All Eastern Dialects have mostly lost Latin initial F-, and only keep it on certain lexicalized vestiges, such as: jumu (IPA: [xumu]). Thus: FACERE > /aθer/.
- ELa plantilla
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está obsoleta, véase el nuevo sistema de referencias. Prothesis: some words derive from the addition of an extra letter (usually /a/) at the beginning of the word. arradiu, amotu/amutu, afutu.
- FLa plantilla
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está obsoleta, véase el nuevo sistema de referencias. Yeísmo: Most Cantabrian dialects do not distinguish between the /ʝ/ (written y) and /ʎ/ (written ll) fonemes, executing both with a single sound [ʝ]. Thus, rendering poyu and pullu (stone seat and chicken, respectively) homophones.
- GLa plantilla
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está obsoleta, véase el nuevo sistema de referencias. Lleísmo: Pasiegan Dialect is one of the few Cantabrian Dialects which does distinguish /ʝ/ and /ʎ/. Thus, puyu and pullu (stone seat and chicken, respectively) are both written and pronounced differently.
- HLa plantilla
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está obsoleta, véase el nuevo sistema de referencias. Palatalization: Cantabrian Dialects do mostly not palatalize Latin L-, however, some vestiges might be found in Eastern Cantabrian Dialects, in areas bordering Asturias (Asturian a very palatalizing language). This vestiges are often camuflated due to the strong Yeísmo. Palatalization of Latin N- is more common, and words such as ñudu (from Latin nudus), or ñublu (from Latin nubĭlus) are more common.