Usuario:Mauriziok/Grandes concursos internacionales de belleza masculina

Títulos alternativosː Anexo:Concursos de belleza masculinos

Big Four international beauty pageants[editar]

The Big Four or the Big League Pageants refers to the four major international beauty pageants for women – Miss World, Miss Universe, Miss International, and Miss Earth. The group was first described by the China Daily newspaper in 2004 as "the world's four major beauty contests". In April 2008, the South China Morning Post described them as "four of the world's top beauty pageants"; the same description was also used by South Korea's leading newspaper, Chosun Ilbo in 2010. In 2017, the Latin Times considered the group as the "most important pageants in the world". In 2018, NBC News referred to them as the "four biggest international pageants", while Agencia EFE delineated them in 2019 as the "four most influential beauty pageants in the world".

The Big Four pageants[editar]

Hundreds of thousands of beauty contests are held annually, but the Big Four are considered the most prestigious, widely covered and broadcast by media. The Wall Street Journal, BBC News, CNN, Xinhua News Agency, and global news agencies such as Reuters, Associated Press and Agence France-Presse collectively refer to the four major pageants as "Big Four" namely:

Miss World is the oldest existing major international beauty pageant. It was created in the United Kingdom by Eric Morley in 1951. Since Morley's death in 2000, his widow, Julia Morley, co-chairs the pageant.
Miss Universe is an annual international beauty contest that is run by the Miss Universe Organization. The contest was founded in 1952 by California clothing company Pacific Mills. The pageant became part of Kayser-Roth and then Gulf+Western Industries, before being acquired by Donald Trump in 1996 and is currently owned by WME/IMG.
Miss International, also called "Miss International Beauty", is a Tokyo-based international beauty pageant organized by The International Culture Association. The pageant was first held in 1960.
Miss Earth is an annual international environmental-themed beauty pageant promoting environmental awareness organized by Philippine-based Carousel Productions through the Miss Earth Foundation and was first held in 2001. The pageant is affiliated and works on projects with other institutions, including Greenpeace, World Wildlife Foundation, and United Nations Environment Program.

	Miss World	Miss Universe	Miss International	Miss Earth
Formation	1951 de julio del 29	1952 de junio del 28	1960 de agosto del 12	2001 de abril del 3^[1]
Headquarters	London, United Kingdom^[2]	New York City, United States^[3]	Tokyo, Japan^[4]	Manila, Philippines^[5]
Advocacy	Advocate humanitarian causes through Beauty With A Purpose^[6]	Advocate humanitarian issues and be a voice to affect positive change in the world^[7]^[8]	Achieve a world where women can live with positivity, inner strength, and individuality^[9]	Promote environmental awareness, conservation, and social responsibility^[10]^[11]^[12]
President	Julia Morley^[13]	Paula Shugart^[14]	Akemi Shimomura^[15]	Lorraine Schuck
Organization	Miss World Limited^[16]	IMG	International Cultural Association^[17]	Carousel Productions^[18]

In April 2008, Cynthia Kanema of Zambia earned the distinction of the first woman to have participated the world's top four beauty pageants: Miss World 2003, Miss International 2004, Miss Universe 2005, and Miss Earth 2005. In 2011, Miss South Africa Bokang Montjane became the second woman to have competed in all of the Big Four pageants: Miss Earth 2007 (Top 16), Miss International 2009, Miss Universe 2011, Miss World 2011 (Top 7).

Most victorious countries/territory[editar]

The first country to win all four major international pageant titles was Brazil, when it won Miss Earth 2004. Brazil has won two Miss Universe crowns, two Miss Earth crowns, one Miss World crown, and one Miss International crown.

In winning Miss Earth 2005, Venezuela became the second country to win titles for each of the Big Four pageants. It has produced seven Miss Universe titles, eight Miss International titles, six Miss World titles, and two Miss Earth titles. By winning Miss Earth 2013, Venezuela became the first and so far only country to win all four pageants multiple times.

After winning Miss World 2013, the Philippines was the third country to win all titles of the Big Four pageants. The Philippines currently has six Miss International crowns, four Miss Earth crowns, four Miss Universe crowns, and one Miss World crown. By winning Miss World 2013, Miss International 2013, Miss Earth 2014, Miss Earth 2015, and Miss Universe 2015, the Philippines achieved the feat in a span of only three calendar years. The country continued its streak after winning Miss International 2016, Miss Earth 2017, and Miss Universe 2018, and currently holds the distinction of longest streak of wins in all four major beauty pageants with a streak of six successive years.

After winning Miss Earth 2019, Puerto Rico became the first territory to win all titles of the Big Four pageants. It currently has five Miss Universe crowns and two of each in Miss World and Miss International.

After winning Miss Earth 2020, the United States became the fourth country to win in all titles of the Big Four pageants. It currently has eight Miss Universe crowns, three crowns in Miss World, and three crowns in Miss International.

The following countries and territory have won each Big Four pageant at least once:

Country/Territory	Miss World	Miss Universe	Miss International	Miss Earth	Total wins
Brasil Brasil	1971	1963	1968	2004	6
Filipinas Filipinas	2013	1969	1964	2008	15
Puerto Rico Puerto Rico	1975	1970	1987	2019	10
Estados Unidos	1973	1954	1974	2020	15
Venezuela Venezuela	1955	1979	1985	2005	23

Longest streak of wins[editar]

The Philippines holds the longest streak of winning at least one of the Big Four pageant titles in a single year with wins in six consecutive years from 2013 to 2018 (Miss World 2013 and Miss International 2013, Miss Earth 2014, Miss Universe 2015 and Miss Earth 2015, Miss International 2016, Miss Earth 2017, and Miss Universe 2018), and is currently the only country in the world to win at least once in all of the Big Four pageant titles in any of its titles streak. Venezuela ranks second overall in streak of Big Four pageant wins, lasting four consecutive years from 2008 to 2011 (Miss Universe 2008, Miss Universe 2009, Miss International 2010, Miss World 2011).

Multiple wins in the same year[editar]

France became the first nation to win at least 2 of the Big 4 beauty pageant titles in the same year, winning in 1953 (Miss Universe and Miss World), followed by Brazil in 1968 (Miss Universe and Miss International), Australia in 1972 (Miss Universe and Miss World), Venezuela in 1981 (Miss Universe and Miss World) as well as in 2013 (Miss Universe and Miss Earth), India in 1994 and 2000 (Miss Universe and Miss World), Ecuador in 2011 (Miss International and Miss Earth), and the Philippines in 2013 (Miss World and Miss International) and 2015 (Miss Universe and Miss Earth).

Back-to-back wins[editar]

In Miss World, three back-to-back victories have been recorded. In its first two editions, Sweden recorded back-to-back with Kiki Hakansson and May-Louise Flodin in Miss World 1951 and Miss World 1952, respectively. United Kingdom contestants Ann Sidney and Lesley Langley duplicated this feat in Miss World 1964 and Miss World 1965, respectively. The most recent back-to-back Miss World victories came from India, with Yukta Mookhey in Miss World 1999 and Priyanka Chopra in Miss World 2000 edition.

In Miss Universe, Venezuela is currently the only country to win back-to-back in Miss Universe 2008 and Miss Universe 2009. Stefanía Fernandez won the Miss Universe 2009 title in which Venezuela earned a Guinness World Records to have the first Miss Universe winner succeeded by her compatriot, Miss Universe 2008 Dayana Mendoza.

In Miss Earth, the victory of Angelia Ong in Miss Earth 2015, succeeding Jamie Herrell, Miss Earth 2014, made the Philippines to date the only country to win back-to-back in the Miss Earth pageant.

Titleholders[editar]

Year	Manhunt International	Mister World	Mister International	Mister Universe	Mister Global	Mister Supranational	Man of the World
2022	Lochlan Carey Australia	Cancelled	Manuel Franco República Dominicana	Cancelled	Juan Carlos Ariosa Cuba	Luis Daniel Gálvez Cuba	Aditya Khurana India
2021	Cancelled		Cancelled		Miguel Ángel Lucas España	Varo Vargas Perú	Cancelled
2021	Cancelled				Danh Chiếu Linh^[19] Vietnam	Varo Vargas Perú
2020	Paul Luzineau Países Bajos				Cancelled	Cancelled
2019	Cancelled	Jack Heslewood Inglaterra		Jefferson Velasco Bolivia	Jungwoo Kim Corea del Sur	Nate Crnkovich Estados Unidos	Daniel Georgiev^[20]^[21] Bulgaria
2019	Cancelled	Jack Heslewood Inglaterra		Jefferson Velasco Bolivia	Jungwoo Kim Corea del Sur	Nate Crnkovich Estados Unidos	Jin Kyu Kim Corea del Sur
2018	Vicent Llorach González España	Cancelled	Trịnh Văn Bảo Vietnam	Anthony Clarinda Curazao	Dario Duque Estados Unidos	Prathamesh Maulingkar India	Cao Xuân Tài Vietnam
2017	Trương Ngọc Tình Vietnam	Cancelled	Seung Hwan Lee Corea del Sur	Kevin Montes Puerto Rico	Pedro Gicca Brasil	Gabriel Correa Venezuela	Mustafa Elezali Egipto
2016	Patrik Sjöö Suecia	Rohit Khandelwal India	Paul Iskandar Líbano	Marlon Polo Anaya Panamá	Tomáš Martinka República Checa	Diego Garcy México	Founded 2017
2015	Cancelled	Cancelled	Pedro Mendes Suiza	Rogier Warnawa Países Bajos	Nguyễn Văn Sơn Vietnam	Founded 2016
2014		Nicklas Pedersen Dinamarca	Neil Perez Filipinas	Bruno Mooneyhan Brasil	Myat Thuya Lwin Birmania
2013		Cancelled	José Anmer Paredes Venezuela	Rafael Chávez Riviera Maya	Founded 2014
2012	June Macasaet Filipinas	Francisco Escobar Colombia	Ali Hammoud Líbano	Erick Jiménez Sabater República Dominicana
2012	June Macasaet Filipinas	Francisco Escobar Colombia	Ron Teh Singapur	Erick Jiménez Sabater República Dominicana
2011	Chen Jian Feng China	Cancelled	César Curti Brasil	Juan Pablo Gómez Venezuela
2010	Peter Meňky Eslovaquia	Kamal Ibrahim Irlanda	Ryan Terry Gran Bretaña	Tarik Kaljanac Bosnia y Herzegovina
2009	Cancelled	Cancelled	Bruno Kettels Bolivia	Joshua Day Estados Unidos
2008	Abdelmoumen El Maghraouy Marruecos	Cancelled	Ngô Tiến Đoàn Vietnam	Iván Cabrera Trigo España
2007	Jeffrey Zheng China	Juan García Postigo España	Alan Bianco Martini Brasil	Founded 2008
2006	Jaime Augusto Mayol Estados Unidos	Cancelled	Wissam Hanna Líbano
2005	Tolgahan Sayışman Turquía	Cancelled	Founded 2006
2003	Cancelled	Gustavo Gianetti Brasil
2002	Fabrice Wattez Francia	Cancelled
2001	Rajeev Singh India	Cancelled
2000	Brett Wilson Australia	Ignacio Kliche Uruguay
1999	Ernesto Calzadilla Venezuela	Cancelled
1998	Peter Eriksen Suecia	Sandro Finoglio Venezuela
1997	Jason Ercey Nueva Zelanda	Cancelled
1996	Cancelled	Tom Nuyens Bélgica
1995	Albe Geldenhuys Sudáfrica	Founded 1996
1994	Nikos Papadakis Grecia
1993	Thomas Sasse Alemania

Debut wins

**Debut wins** timeline
	Countries/Territories/States
1990s	Ver lista 1993: Alemania 1994: Grecia 1995: Sudáfrica 1996: Bélgica 1997: Nueva Zelanda 1998: Suecia Venezuela
2000s	Ver lista 2000: Australia Uruguay 2001: India 2002: Francia 2003: Brasil 2005: Turquía 2006: Líbano Estados Unidos 2007: China España 2008: Marruecos Vietnam 2009: Bolivia
2010s	Ver lista 2010: Bosnia y Herzegovina Reino Unido Irlanda Eslovaquia 2012: Colombia República Dominicana Filipinas Singapur 2013: México 2014: Dinamarca Birmania 2015: Países Bajos Suiza 2016: República Checa Panamá 2017: Egipto Puerto Rico Corea del Sur 2018: Curazao 2019: Inglaterra
2020s	Ver lista 2021: Perú 2022: Cuba

Number wins

**Number wins** timeline
Decade	Countries/Territories/States
1990s	Ver lista 1993: 1 1994: 2 1995: 3 1996: 4 1997: 5 1998: 7 1999: 8
2000s	Ver lista 2000: 10 2001: 11 2002: 12 2003: 13 2005: 14 2006: 16 2007: 19 2008: 22 2009: 24
2010s	Ver lista 2010: 28 2011: 31 2012: 35 2013: 37 2014: 41 2015: 44 2016: 50 2017: 56 2018: 62 2019: 67
2020s	Ver lista 2020: 68 2021: 70 2022: 75

Big Seven beauty pageants winners by Country/Territory[editar]

Country/Territory	Titles	Beauty pageant
Country/Territory	Titles	Manhunt International	Mister World	Mister International	Mister Universe	Mister Global	Mister Supranational	Man of the World
Vietnam	6	1 (2017)	×	2 (2008, 2018)	×	2 (2015, 2021)	×	1 (2018)
Brasil	5	×	1 (2003)	2 (2007, 2011)	1 (2014)	1 (2017)	×	×
Venezuela	5	1 (1999)	1 (1998)	1 (2013)	1 (2011)	×	1 (2017)	×
India	4	1 (2001)	1 (2016)	×	×	×	1 (2018)	1 (2022)
Estados Unidos	4	1 (2006)	×	×	1 (2009)	1 (2018)	1 (2019)	×
España	3	1 (2020)	1 (2007)	×	1 (2008)	0 (~~2021~~)	×	×
Corea del Sur	3	×	×	1 (2017)	×	1 (2019)	×	1 (2019)
Australia	2	2 (2000, 2022)	×	×	×	×	×	×
Cuba		×	×	×	×	1 (2022)	1 (2022)	×
República Dominicana		×	×	1 (2022)	1 (2012)	×	×	×
Bolivia		×	×	1 (2009)	1 (2019)	×	×	×
Países Bajos		1 (2018)	×	×	1 (2015)	×	×	×
Líbano		×	×	2 (2006, ~~2012~~, 2016)	×	×	×	×
México		×	×	×	1 (2013)	×	1 (2016)	×
Suecia		2 (1998, 2016)	×	×	×	×	×	×
Filipinas		1 (2012)	×	1 (2014)	×	×	×	×
China		2 (2007, 2011)	×	×	×	×	×	×
Perú	1	×	×	×	×	×	1 (2021)	×
Inglaterra		×	1 (2019)	×	×	×	×	×
Curazao		×	×	×	1 (2018)	×	×	×
Egipto		×	×	×	×	×	×	1 (2017)
Puerto Rico		×	×	×	1 (2017)	×	×	×
República Checa		×	×	×	×	1 (2016)	×	×
Panamá		×	×	×	1 (2016)	×	×	×
Suiza		×	×	1 (2015)	×	×	×	×
Dinamarca		×	1 (2014)	×	×	×	×	×
Birmania		×	×	×	×	1 (2014)	×	×
Colombia		×	1 (2012)	×	×	×	×	×
Singapur		×	×	1 (2012)	×	×	×	×
Bosnia y Herzegovina		×	×	×	1 (2010)	×	×	×
Reino Unido		×	×	1 (2010)	×	×	×	×
Irlanda		×	1 (2010)	×	×	×	×	×
Eslovaquia		1 (2010)	×	×	×	×	×	×
Marruecos		1 (2008)	×	×	×	×	×	×
Turquía		1 (2005)	×	×	×	×	×	×
Francia		1 (2002)	×	×	×	×	×	×
Uruguay		×	1 (2000)	×	×	×	×	×
Nueva Zelanda		1 (1997)	×	×	×	×	×	×
Bélgica		×	1 (1996)	×	×	×	×	×
Sudáfrica		1 (1995)	×	×	×	×	×	×
Grecia		1 (1994)	×	×	×	×	×	×
Alemania		1 (1993)	×	×	×	×	×	×
Bulgaria		×	×	×	×	×	×	0 (~~2019~~)
Country/Territory	Titles	Beauty pageant
Country/Territory	Titles	Manhunt International	Mister World	Mister International	Mister Universe	Mister Global	Mister Supranational	Man of the World
Country/Territory	Titles	Not replaced resigned titles
		×	×	×	×	×	×	×
Country/Territory	Titles	Not replaced dethroned titles
		×	×	×	×	×	×	×
Country/Territory	Titles	Replaced resigned titles
~~España~~	1	×	×	×	×	1 (~~2021~~)	×	×
~~Líbano~~	1	×	×	1 (~~2012~~)	×	×	×	×
Country/Territory	Titles	Replaced dethroned titles
~~Bulgaria~~	1	×	×	×	×	×	×	0 (~~2019~~)

Not replaced resigned or dethroned titles appear in bold and assumed titles appear in bold underlined.

Big Seven beauty pageants leaders historʏ[editar]

Color key

Incumbent

By period[editar]

Country/Territory	Period	Years
Venezuela	1999–2020	22
Brasil	2007–2012; 2014–2020	13
Alemania	1993–1998	6
Vietnam	2018–present	5
Grecia	1994–1998	5
Sudáfrica	1995–1998	4
España	2008–2010	3
Bélgica	1996–1998	3
Estados Unidos	2009–2010	2
Nueva Zelanda	1997–1998	2
Suecia	1998	1

By year

Decade	Countries/Territories/States
1990s	Ver lista 1993: Alemania (1 title) 1994: Grecia (1 title) Alemania 1995: Sudáfrica (1 title) Grecia Alemania 1996: Bélgica (1 title) Sudáfrica Grecia Alemania 1997: Nueva Zelanda (1 title) Bélgica Sudáfrica Grecia Alemania 1998: Suecia (1 title) Venezuela Nueva Zelanda Bélgica Sudáfrica Grecia Alemania 1999: Venezuela (2 titles)
2000s	Ver lista 2000: Venezuela (2 titles) 2001: Venezuela (2 titles) 2002: Venezuela (2 titles) 2003: Venezuela (2 titles) 2004: Venezuela (2 titles) 2005: Venezuela (2 titles) 2006: Venezuela (2 titles) 2007: Brasil (2 titles) Venezuela 2008: España (2 titles) Brasil Venezuela 2009: Estados Unidos (2 titles) España Brasil Venezuela
2010s	Ver lista 2010: Estados Unidos (2 titles) España Brasil Venezuela 2011: Brasil (3 titles) Venezuela 2012: Brasil (3 titles) Venezuela 2013: Venezuela (4 titles) 2014: Brasil (4 titles) Venezuela 2015: Brasil (4 titles) Venezuela 2016: Brasil (4 titles) Venezuela 2017: Brasil (5 titles) Venezuela 2018: Vietnam (5 titles) Brasil Venezuela 2019: Vietnam (5 titles) Brasil Venezuela
2020s	Ver lista 2020: Vietnam (5 titles) Brasil Venezuela 2021: Vietnam (6 titles) 2022: Vietnam (6 titles)

In bold appears the actual leadear country.

Notas[editar]

Véase también[editar]

Referencias[editar]

↑ Lo, Ricardo F. (3 April 2001). «Two new RP Beauty Contests Coming Up». Philippine Headline News/Philippine Star. Consultado el 12 April 2009.
↑ Batha, Emma (2 December 2019). «Beauty queen banned for being a mum threatens to sue Miss World». Reuters. Consultado el 3 de mayo de 2020.
↑ News, ABS-CBN (5 January 2020). «Catriona Gray visits Miss Universe office in New York». ABS-CBN News and Current Affairs. Consultado el 3 de mayo de 2020.
↑ News, ABS-CBN (31 October 2019). «PH bet among 5 candidates selected for Miss International regional tour». ABS-CBN News and Current Affairs. Consultado el 3 de mayo de 2020.
↑ Adina, Armin (26 October 2020). «Puerto Rico wins its first Miss Earth crown». Philippine Daily Inquirer. Consultado el 3 de mayo de 2020.
↑ «EFI Donates P1M To MWP». esquire.com. 2 de octubre de 2012. Archivado desde el original el 24 December 2012. Consultado el 14 de mayo de 2013. Parámetro desconocido |url-status= ignorado (ayuda)
↑ Miss Universe, Website (20 April 2020). «About Miss Universe». Consultado el 20 April 2020.
↑ Scott, H. Allan (16 December 2018). «Catriona Gray of Philippines Crowned». Newsweek. Consultado el 26 April 2020.
↑ Miss International (7 September 2018). «The Miss International Advocacy». Miss International. Consultado el 26 April 2020.
↑ «Afghanistan: Anti-Pageant Judges». New York Times. 30 de octubre de 2003. Consultado el 3 de enero de 2009.
↑ «Miss Earth 2004 beauty pageant». China Daily. Reuters. 25 de octubre de 2004. Consultado el 23 de octubre de 2007.
↑ Enriquez, Amee (2 February 2014). «Philippines: How to make a beauty queen». BBC News. Consultado el 3 February 2014.
↑ Macaskill, Grace (7 March 2020). «True story behind Miss World boss who tackled apartheid but was hated by feminists». Daily Mirror. Consultado el 3 de mayo de 2020.
↑ News, ABS-CBN (6 December 2019). «Unveiled by Catriona, new Miss Universe crown symbolizes powerful message». ABS-CBN News and Current Affairs. Consultado el 3 de mayo de 2020.
↑ Atiluk, Nathan (13 November 2019). «Former Miss Uganda queen Evelyn Namatovu emerges 2nd Runner up in Miss International beauty pageant». News 24 Uganda. Consultado el 3 de mayo de 2020.
↑ Jurist, Open (25 July 1988). «Miss World Ltd». Open Jurist. Consultado el 3 de mayo de 2020.
↑ Francisco, Drew (5 August 2013). «Big 4: The 'Olympics of beauty'». Rappler. Consultado el 3 de mayo de 2020.
↑ News, Seoul (24 October 2004). «Brazilian Medical Student Wins Miss Earth 2004». The Seoul Times. Consultado el 3 de mayo de 2020.
↑ Originally first runner-up, replaced original winner who resigned
↑ Adu, Aletha (10 de noviembre de 2016). «Russian Miss Universe slams Western media for 'harassing her to derail Trump's campaign'». Express.co.uk (en inglés). Consultado el 23 de mayo de 2020.
↑ «'It was a nice time' when Trump owned Miss Universe, says decrowned Russian beauty queen-turned-designer». www.yahoo.com (en inglés estadounidense). Consultado el 23 de mayo de 2020.

Enlaces externos[editar]

[1] Lo, Ricardo F. (3 April 2001). «Two new RP Beauty Contests Coming Up». Philippine Headline News/Philippine Star. Consultado el 12 April 2009.

[2] Batha, Emma (2 December 2019). «Beauty queen banned for being a mum threatens to sue Miss World». Reuters. Consultado el 3 de mayo de 2020.

[3] News, ABS-CBN (5 January 2020). «Catriona Gray visits Miss Universe office in New York». ABS-CBN News and Current Affairs. Consultado el 3 de mayo de 2020.

[4] News, ABS-CBN (31 October 2019). «PH bet among 5 candidates selected for Miss International regional tour». ABS-CBN News and Current Affairs. Consultado el 3 de mayo de 2020.

[5] Adina, Armin (26 October 2020). «Puerto Rico wins its first Miss Earth crown». Philippine Daily Inquirer. Consultado el 3 de mayo de 2020.

[6] «EFI Donates P1M To MWP». esquire.com. 2 de octubre de 2012. Archivado desde el original el 24 December 2012. Consultado el 14 de mayo de 2013. Parámetro desconocido |url-status= ignorado (ayuda)

[7] Miss Universe, Website (20 April 2020). «About Miss Universe». Consultado el 20 April 2020.

[8] Scott, H. Allan (16 December 2018). «Catriona Gray of Philippines Crowned». Newsweek. Consultado el 26 April 2020.

[9] Miss International (7 September 2018). «The Miss International Advocacy». Miss International. Consultado el 26 April 2020.

[10] «Afghanistan: Anti-Pageant Judges». New York Times. 30 de octubre de 2003. Consultado el 3 de enero de 2009.

[chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2004-10/25/content_385531.htm-11] «Miss Earth 2004 beauty pageant». China Daily. Reuters. 25 de octubre de 2004. Consultado el 23 de octubre de 2007.

[make-beauty-12] Enriquez, Amee (2 February 2014). «Philippines: How to make a beauty queen». BBC News. Consultado el 3 February 2014.

[13] Macaskill, Grace (7 March 2020). «True story behind Miss World boss who tackled apartheid but was hated by feminists». Daily Mirror. Consultado el 3 de mayo de 2020.

[14] News, ABS-CBN (6 December 2019). «Unveiled by Catriona, new Miss Universe crown symbolizes powerful message». ABS-CBN News and Current Affairs. Consultado el 3 de mayo de 2020.

[15] Atiluk, Nathan (13 November 2019). «Former Miss Uganda queen Evelyn Namatovu emerges 2nd Runner up in Miss International beauty pageant». News 24 Uganda. Consultado el 3 de mayo de 2020.

[16] Jurist, Open (25 July 1988). «Miss World Ltd». Open Jurist. Consultado el 3 de mayo de 2020.

[17] Francisco, Drew (5 August 2013). «Big 4: The 'Olympics of beauty'». Rappler. Consultado el 3 de mayo de 2020.

[18] News, Seoul (24 October 2004). «Brazilian Medical Student Wins Miss Earth 2004». The Seoul Times. Consultado el 3 de mayo de 2020.

[e-19] Originally first runner-up, replaced original winner who resigned

[20] Adu, Aletha (10 de noviembre de 2016). «Russian Miss Universe slams Western media for 'harassing her to derail Trump's campaign'». Express.co.uk (en inglés). Consultado el 23 de mayo de 2020.

[21] «'It was a nice time' when Trump owned Miss Universe, says decrowned Russian beauty queen-turned-designer». www.yahoo.com (en inglés estadounidense). Consultado el 23 de mayo de 2020.

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