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Amnesia: The Dark Descent (previously known as Lux Tenebras or Unknown​) is a survival horror video game by Frictional Games, who previously developed the Penumbra series.​ Released for Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux platforms, the game features an unarmed protagonist exploring a dark and foreboding castle, while avoiding monsters and other obstructions as well as solving puzzles.​ The game was critically well received, earning two awards from the Independent Games Festival and numerous positive reviews.​

Originally released independently as a download, the game has since been published in retail by 1C Company in Russia and Eastern Europe as well as THQ in North America.​​​ A collection of five short stories set in the world of Amnesia, written by Mikael Hedberg and illustrated by the game's concept artists, was also made available.​ In addition, the game's soundtrack is available for purchase and a free content expansion called "Justine" has been released as well as several fan made expansions and stories.​

Gameplay

In a similar vein to the developer's previous games, Amnesia is an exploration-based adventure game played from a first-person perspective. The game retains the physical object interaction used in the Penumbra series, allowing for physics-based puzzles and interactions such as opening doors and fixing machinery.​

Amnesia does not give the player access to weapons. As such, the player must use their wits to escape and hide from the monsters until they lose interest in finding the player. However, monsters are very capable of tearing down doors in their path and kicking obstacles out of the way. Players can also choose to hide in the shadows at the cost of slowly losing their sanity. Another thing the player can do is barricade doors with rocks, chairs, and other obstacles. But the monsters do move very quickly when alerted, so the player must be quick. If a monster spots Daniel, it will chase him until he's out of sight. If Daniel gets out of their line of sight they will proceed to search for Daniel for a time, but will eventually leave and vanish. At several points in the game, they are required to advance, as they will tear down a problematic obstacle in their path.

Separate from the player's health indicator is an indication of the character's sanity. Being in darkness too long, witnessing unsettling events, or staring at the monsters for too long will reduce the character's sanity. As the sanity level decreases, visual and auditory hallucinations start to occur and the player is noticed by monsters more easily. Using tinderboxes to light candles and other light sources, as well as a lantern found near the beginning of the game, the player can stop their sanity from draining. However, the number of tinderboxes is limited, and the lantern cannot be used when the oil is depleted. Standing in a light source can also make the player more easily noticed by monsters. This forces the player to find a balance between the amount of time they spend in light and shadow. Sanity is restored to full once the player completes an objective or progresses the game's story. It may also be restored by staying in the shadows until the player character passes out, but this makes him extremely vulnerable to any nearby monsters.