Usuario:DanielLZIraldo/Desván

Principal

Discusión

Desván

Taller

Taller2

Taller3

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Tareillas

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• Probar archivar estas páginas tan largas
• Terminar de traducir los KDELR (2x)
• Crear el KKK como se llame y traducirlo
• Tratar de crear la tabla código penal
• Terminar de traducir Masculinidad hegemónica
• Pulir Pentaquark y presentarlo a AB
• Pulir Meteoroide, previo cambio de título y presentarlo a AB
• Agregar plantillas Ficha de proteina a mis KDLR y KKK

Enlaces directos

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enWP

Asistente para la creación de artículos

Estas dos herramientas las conocí gracias a UAwiki

Esta herramienta muestra los enlaces rojos más enlazados en un artículo dado.

Esta herramienta permite encontrar quién insertó un texto específico en un artículo, muy útil para encontrar vandalismos no detectados de hace mucho tiempo en el historial de una página.

Políticas varias relacionadas con el borrado

WP:PB WP:CBR WP:GB y PR:PPN

Caras

:) :P :D :/ :'( :(

Plantillas

WP:PAU

WP:PDM

Búsqueda de frases en libros diversos

Medicina

Este tiene la Gray's Anatomy 1918 Pagina del motor de búsqueda de una Universidad Colombiana

Astronomía

[1] [2] [3] [4] [5]

Ornitología

Seo BirdLife

Avibase

Cornell lab

ebird

Encyclopedia of Life no solo aves

atlas de las aves de Aragón

Index to Organism base de datos (no solo aves).

Para papers POLS ONE, estudios diversos no solo de aves pero un ejemplo de un estudio de genética de color en el diamante mandarín.

Este otro es más bien de genética

Ensembl base de genes donde hay diversas aves como el dimante mandarín (zebra finch), el gallo, pavo, etc y que en algunas parte enlazan con artículos.

Integrated Taxonomic Information System taxonomía

Xeno-Canto base de datos de los sonidos de las aves (canto, reclamo, llamasdas, etc), no hay artículos

El canto de los pájaros de España más de cantos,

The International Code of Zoological Nomenclature taxonomía,

Pájaros de España.

JSTOR para buscar papers (generalmente son de pago, como puedes ver en el ejemplo que te pongo).

IOC World Bird List

Avian Knowledge Network en este último varios enlaces diversos.

Plantillas útiles

{{en desarrollo}}

{{Lang}}

{{lang-en}}

{{lang-es}}

{{Etimología}}

{{LangWithName}}

Artículos a los que le hago seguimiento

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Traducciones para artículos nuevos

Homicidio en razón del género  Hecho

Violación en cárceles  Hecho

Feticidio femenino en India  Hecho

Movimientos de hombres  Hecho

Diferencias por sexo en el crimen  Hecho

Movimiento de liberación de los hombres  Hecho

Movimiento derechos de los padres  Hecho

Uppsala-ESO Survey of Asteroids and Comets (UESAC)  Hecho

Simetría de género  Hecho

Escala de tácticas de conflicto  Hecho

Asiago-DLR Asteroid Survey  Hecho

Deep Ecliptic Survey  Hecho

Spaceguard  Hecho

Palomar Planet Crossing Asteroid Survey  Hecho

International Near-Earth Asteroid Survey  Hecho

Wall-crossing  Hecho

Simetría especular (teoría de cuerdas)  AB

Teoría Donaldson–Thomas  Hecho

Meteoroide que rozó a la atmósfera de la Tierra el 13 de octubre de 1990   En proceso...

1993 KA2  Hecho

1994 XM1  Hecho

1998 DK36  Hecho

Traducciones incorporadas a artículos existentes

Violencia contra el varón  Hecho

Violencia doméstica contra el varón  Hecho

Movimiento derechos del hombre Hecho

Pentaquark  En proceso...

ZENIT Hecho

Masculinidad Hecho

Artículos en cuya redacción participé

I Zw 36 Hecho

Bolsa serosa de la pata de ganso Hecho

Plano interespinoso  En proceso...

KDEL   En proceso...

Ajustes de ortografía, gramática, comprensión, referencias y otras yerbas

Esporte Clube Bahia  Hecho

iTelescope Observatory (Mayhill)  Hecho

Beta Alanina  Hecho

Artículos que me interesan y que edité un poco en algunos casos o comenté en las páginas de discusión del autor principal para que los mejore

Violencia contra la mujer (ver tema Violación en cárceles)

Feminismo (ver tema Violencias contra el varón)  Hecho

Paternidad (comente en su PD para que se mejore la parte histórica)

Prostitución (comentario en la PD sobre religión)

Masculinismo (ajusté los enlaces a Violencias contra el varón)

Extinción masiva del Holoceno (necesita referencias, se lo dije a su autor principal en su PD)

Artículos que propuse a su editor original lo pase y siga para VAD

Historia genética de los indígenas de América

Artículos que estoy cocinando o quiero cocinar

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1998 KY26

2001 QR322

2004 XP14

2005 TN53

2006 RJ103

2008 KV42

crear Masculinidad hegemónica a partir de Masculinidad y de  Hegemonic masculinity

ampliar KDEL

ampliar KDELR1

crear KDELR2

crear KDELR3

ampliar Plano interespinoso

Meteoroide que rozó a la atmósfera de la Tierra el 13 de octubre de 1990 en curso mejora para AB

Pentaquark en curso mejora para AB

Enlaces de las versiones originales en inglés que podrían ser artículos nuevos

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• Sex differences in crime  Hecho
• Prison rape  Hecho

• Outline of domestic violence
• Male genital mutilation
• Men's shelter

• Female foeticide in India Hecho
• Femicide in China
• Missing women of Asia

http://www.allgirlsallowed. org/gender-imbalance-china-statistics

• Physical and sexual abuse of LGBT prisoners
• Sexual abuse of women in American prisons
• Prisoner abuse
• Prison sexuality
• Types of rape
• Criminal transmission of HIV, a criminal offense that is punished by imprisonment in some jurisdictions

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incarceration_of_women_in_the_United_States#Sexual_abuse

Categorías de las versiones originales en inglés que podrían ser nuevas categorías

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[[Category:Feminism and health]] [[Category:Gender-based violence]] [[Category:Genocide]] [[Category:Hate crime]] [[Category:Homicide]] [[Category:Murder]] [[Category:Neologisms]] [[Category:Population]] [[Category:Sexism]] [[Category:Female foeticide and infanticide]] [[Category:Discrimination]] [[Category:Violence against women]]

Artículos a los que les borraron enlaces

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Violencia contra la mujer Sacaron violación en cárceles para mi si va

Agresor sexual Sacaron violación en cárceles para mi puede pasar

Abuso Sacaron violación en cárceles para mi puede pasarEs una pagina de desambiguacion, no corresponde.

Crimen de honor Homicidio en razón del género para mi no sé

Misandria Quitaron varios enlaces, entre ellos las Violencias contra el varón y lo revirtieron para mi no se

Movimiento derechos del hombre Sacaron a Warren Farrel para mi si va

Feminismo sacaron las Violencias contra el varón y se lo revirtieron para mi va en Críticas, cuestiones no atendidas  Hecho

Propuesta para Feminismo  Hecho

DE WIKIPEDIA VEASE TAMBIEN Redundancia[editar] Dado que la sección «Véase también» debe constituir más bien la excepción a la norma general (que será procurar la incorporación directa de los enlaces como hipertexto en el cuerpo del artículo) es inadecuado y redundante volver a listar allí todo lo que ya está enlazado o definido en el texto fluido. Sin embargo sí procede enlazar artículos cuyo contenido en su conjunto sea complemento natural del artículo en cuestión.

Por ejemplo, en Monte Vesubio no es apropiado enlazar a volcán (aunque se mencione en el texto) pero sí Pompeya. En cueva de Altamira no es apropiado enlazar Anexo:12 Tesoros de España (aunque se mencione en el texto) pero sí arte rupestre.

Pertinencia[editar] Deben ser enlazados los términos o conceptos que además de estar relacionados de manera directa con el título o el tema central del artículo sean un buen complemento para su comprensión o profundización, en particular aquellos que, a pesar de esa fuerte relación, no ha sido posible incorporarlos en el texto. Sin embargo, puede ser pertinente repetir en esta sección algunos de los que ya están enlazados en el cuerpo del artículo si ayudan a cumplir la función de la sección, agregando sólo aquellos que sean un complemento realmente importante del tema central. Es decir, no basta con que haya sido enlazado en el texto para que deba ser listado en la sección de «Véase también».

Por tanto, como no se trata aquí de reiteraciones ni de libre asociación de ideas, esta secciones son listas breves (usualmente no tienen más de tres o cuatro enlaces).

Son admisibles enlaces a los espacios de nombres enciclopédicos: por supuesto al principal, al espacio Anexo: y al espacio Portal:. En ningún caso se admitirán enlaces a páginas de usuario, wikiproyectos o páginas de discusión.

AGREGAR ACA Violencia contra el varón y Violencia doméstica contra el varón por lo que dice la ref 58

Críticas[editar] La segunda y tercera ola del feminismo han sido cuestionadas,57 y se ha puesto en duda la veracidad científica de algunos de sus conceptos más importantes en tiempos actuales. Algunos ejemplos son el llamado "patriarcado" o la identidad de género como mero constructo social, y quejas relacionadas con que algunas feministas exageran los problemas de las mujeres sin tener en cuenta los problemas de los hombres (ver: "feminazi", "hembrismo", derechos de los hombres).58 Un argumento frecuente contra el feminismo en la campaña Women against Feminism, es que se dice que el feminismo moderno se ha convertido en un sistema de creencias que presenta una visión distorsionada de la realidad basada en la misandria y en una cultura de victimización de la mujer, además la campaña cuestiona la existencia de la cultura de la violación en la que las feministas contemporáneas alegan que se vive.59 WAF ha sacado a la luz otras polémicas respecto a temas como familia, natalidad, relaciones afectivas, etc.

Véase también: Women Against Feminism

En Masculinismo agregar Violencia doméstica contra el varón.

Secciones que falta traducir de violencia doméstica contra el varón por ser controvertidas  Hecho

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Nombre del artículo Violencia domestica contra los varones

Gender symmetry  Hecho

"Femme battant son mari"; Albrecht Dürer

The theory that women perpetrate IPV at roughly the same rate as men has been termed "gender symmetry." The earliest empirical evidence of gender symmetry was presented in the 1975 U.S. National Family Violence Survey carried out by Murray A. Straus and Richard J. Gelles on a nationally representative sample of 2,146 "intact families." The survey found 11.6% of men and 12% of women had experienced some kind of IPV in the last twelve months, while 4.6% of men and 3.8% of women had experienced "severe" IPV.​​ These unexpected results led Suzanne K. Steinmetz to coin the controversial term "battered husband syndrome" in 1977.​ Ever since the publication of Straus and Gelles' findings, other researchers into domestic violence have disputed whether gender symmetry really exists, in a debate that is still ongoing.​​​​​​​​​​​​

Since 1975, numerous other empirical studies have found evidence of gender symmetry. For example, in the United States, the National Comorbidity Study of 1990-1992 found 18.4% of men and 17.4% of women had experienced minor IPV, and 5.5% of men and 6.5% of women had experienced severe IPV.​​ In England and Wales, the 1995 "Home Office Research Study 191" found that in the twelve months prior to the survey, 4.2% of both men and woman between the ages of 16 and 59 had been assaulted by an intimate.​ The Canadian General Social Survey of 2000 found that from 1994 to 1999, 4% of men and 4% of women had experienced IPV in a relationship in which they were still involved, 22% of men and 28% of women had experienced IPV in a relationship which had now ended, and 7% of men and 8% of women had experienced IPV across all relationships, past and present.​ The 2005 Canadian General Social Survey, looking at the years 1999-2004 found similar data; 4% of men and 3% of women had experienced IPV in a relationship in which they were still involved, 16% of men and 21% of women had experienced IPV in a relationship which had now ended, and 6% of men and 7% of women had experienced IPV across all relationships, past and present.​

An especially controversial aspect of the gender symmetry debate is the notion of bidirectional or reciprocal IPV (i.e. when both parties commit violent acts against one another). Findings regarding bidirectional violence are particularly controversial because, if accepted, they can serve to undermine one of the most commonly cited reasons for female perpetrated IPV; self-defense against an aggressive male partner. Despite this, many studies have found evidence of high levels of bidirectionality in cases where women have reported IPV. For example, social activist Erin Pizzey, who established the first women's shelter in the U.K. in 1971, found that 62 of the first 100 women admitted to the centre were "violence-prone," and just as violent as the men they were leaving.​ The 1975 National Family Violence Survey found that 27.7% of IPV cases were perpetrated by men alone, 22.7% by women alone and 49.5% were bidirectional. In order to counteract claims that the reporting data was skewed, female-only surveys were conducted, asking females to self-report, resulting in almost identical data.​ The 1985 National Family Violence Survey found 25.9% of IPV cases perpetrated by men alone, 25.5% by women alone, and 48.6% were bidirectional.​

In 1997, Philip W. Cook conducted a study of 55,000 members of the United States Armed Forces, finding bidirectionality in 60-64% of IPV cases, as reported by both men and women.​ The 2001 National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health found that 49.7% of IPV cases were reciprocal and 50.3% were non-reciprocal. When data provided by men only was analyzed, 46.9% of cases were reported as reciprocal and 53.1% as non-reciprocal. When data provided by women only was analyzed, 51.3% of cases were reported as reciprocal and 49.7% as non-reciprocal. The overall data showed 70.7% of non-reciprocal IPV cases were perpetrated by women only (74.9% when reported by men; 67.7% when reported by women) and 29.3% were perpetrated by men only (25.1% when reported by men; 32.3% when reported by women).​ The 2006 thirty-two nation International Dating Violence Study "revealed an overwhelming body of evidence that bidirectional violence is the predominant pattern of perpetration; and this [...] indicates that the etiology of IPV is mostly parallel for men and women." The survey found for "any physical violence," a rate of 31.2%, of which 68.6% was bidirectional, 9.9% was perpetrated by men only, and 21.4% by women only. For severe assault, a rate of 10.8% was found, of which 54.8% was bidirectional, 15.7% perpetrated by men only, and 29.4% by women only.​

In 1997, Martin S. Fiebert, began compiling an annotated bibliography of research relating to spousal abuse by women. As of June 2012, this bibliography includes 286 scholarly investigations (221 empirical studies and 65 reviews and/or analyses) "which demonstrate that women are as physically aggressive, or more aggressive, than men in their relationships." The aggregate sample size is over 371,600.​ In a 2002 Los Angeles Times article about actress Tawny Kitaen assaulting her boyfriend, baseballer Chuck Finley, Fiebert suggests that "consensus in the field is that women are as likely as men to strike their partner but that — as expected — women are more likely to be injured than men." However, he also noted that men are seriously injured in 38% of the cases in which "extreme aggression" is used.​ In 2000, John Archer conducted a meta-analysis of eighty-two IPV studies. He found that "women were slightly more likely than men to use one or more acts of physical aggression and to use such acts more frequently. Men were more likely to inflict an injury, and overall, 62% of those injured by a partner were women."​

As both Fiebert and Archer point out, although the mathematical tally of physical acts in these studies has found similar rates of IPV amongst men and women, and high rates of bidirectionality, there is general agreement amongst researchers that male violence is a more serious phenomenon, primarily, but not exclusively, because male violence tends to inflict more damage than female violence.​​ Male violence produces injury at roughly six times the rate of female violence.​ Women are also more likely to be killed by their male partners than the reverse (according to the Department of Justice, the rate is 62.1% to 37.9%), and women in general are more likely to be killed by their spouses than all other types of assailants combined.​ In relation to this, Murray A. Straus has written "although women may assault their partners at approximately the same rate as men, because of the greater physical, financial, and emotional injury suffered by women, they are the predominant victims. Consequently, the first priority in services for victims and in prevention and control must continue to be directed toward assaults by husbands."​

The CTS  Hecho

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In a 2002 review of the research presenting evidence of gender symmetry, Michael Kimmel argued that more than 90% of "systematic, persistent, and injurious" violence is perpetrated by men. He was especially critical of the fact that the majority of the empirical studies reviewed by Fiebert and Archer used the conflict tactics scale (CTS) as the sole measure of domestic violence, and that many of the studies used samples composed entirely of single people under the age of thirty, as opposed to older married couples.​ Although the CTS is the most widely used domestic violence measurement instrument in the world,​ it is also one of the most criticized instruments, due to its exclusion of context variables and motivational factors in understanding acts of violence.​​ For example, the National Institute of Justice cautions that the CTS may not be appropriate for IPV research at all "because it does not measure control, coercion, or the motives for conflict tactics."​ Similarly, a paper issued by the Australian Domestic and Family Violence Clearinghouse writes

we stress that while the number of studies finding gender symmetry is ever growing, we consider their reliance on the CTS inherently limits the robustness of information produced. We argue that practitioners should have confidence that data available from multiple sources support claims of gender asymmetry in domestic violence. What the data presented here demonstrate is that both men and women perpetrate a range of different forms of aggression in relationships but may have different motivations, including self-defense. Both men and women can experience violence by an intimate partner but their experience of this is likely to be different in terms of the forms of violence experienced, its severity and impact. The severity of physical injury and levels of coercion from all forms of violence in relationships appear to be greater for women than for men.​

Kimmel argues that the CTS is particularly vulnerable to reporting bias because it depends on asking people to accurately remember and honestly report incidents which have occurred up to a year previously. He argues that men tend to underestimate their use of violence, and women tend to overestimate their use of violence, whilst men tend to overestimate their partner's use of violence, and women tend to underestimate their partner's use of violence. Thus, men will likely overestimate their victimization and underestimate their perpetration, while women will underestimate their victimization and overestimate their perpetration.​ Straus, who designed the CTS, argues that these criticisms are invalid, and that under- and overestimation happens in the opposite direction; men underestimate their partner's violence and overestimate their own.​​ Additionally, both B.J. Morse and Malcolm J. George have presented data suggesting that male underestimation of their partner's violence is more common in CTS based studies than overestimation.​​ Linda Kelly has further argued that even when dividing the data provided by CTS based studies into that given by men and that given by women (such as in the 2001 National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health), the rate of female perpetrated IPV remains at roughly the same level.​

R. Emerson Dobash and Russell P. Dobash have also criticized the CTS, arguing that it is improper to equate male IPV with female IPV. They question the methodology behind the CTS, the data which stems from it and the theoretical framework used by investigators who champion it, arguing that male aggression is much more severe than female aggression and the two should not be measured by the same tool on the same scale.​ Another critic is Kersti Yllö, who holds Straus and those who use the CTS accountable for damaging the feminist agenda by releasing their findings into the "marketplace of ideas." She argues that, as sociologists committed to ending domestic violence, they should have foreseen the controversy such statistics would cause and the damage it could potentially do to the battered women's movement.​ Similarly, Nancy Worcester refers to studies which find evidence of gender symmetry and high levels of bidirectionality as part of the "anti-feminist backlash", arguing that studies which use the CTS demonstrate the "limitations and dangers of a gender-neutral approach to anti-violence work."​

Straus has responded to criticism of the CTS by arguing that it is driven by radical-feminists who are uncomfortable with any evidence that women can be as violent as men because it undermines their belief that IPV is an extension of men's desire to subjugate women; "one of the explanations for denying the evidence on gender symmetry is to defend feminism in general. This is because a key step in the effort to achieve an equalitarian society is to bring about recognition of the harm that a patriarchal system causes. The removal of patriarchy as the main cause of IPV weakens a dramatic example of the harmful effects of patriarchy."​ Straus also points out that despite being critical of the CTS, numerous feminist researchers use it for their own research, and that it was CTS based studies which first illustrated and brought to the public's attention the extent of the battered women problem in the 1970s.​ In a review of the controversy surrounding the CTS and gender symmetry, Donald G. Dutton and Tonia L. Nicholls write;

In effect, a "paradigm" has developed in the domestic violence literature in which perpetrators are viewed as exclusively or disproportionately male. Any and all data inconsistent with this view are dismissed, ignored, or attempts are made to explain them away [...] A dangerous "in-group-outgroup" form of siege mentality has enveloped feminist activists and those researchers who share their dogma. It is based on a perceived threat that somehow, services for women will disappear if male victimization is recognized or that those who raise issues about female violence or intervention are somehow against progressive goals for women's equality.​

Linda Kelly states that

Domestic violence represents the prized gemstone of feminist theory's fundamental message that our legal, social, and cultural norms are fashioned in a manner which permit men to engage in a constant and pervasive effort to oppress women by any and every available means. A successful challenge to the patriarchal definition of domestic violence may thus undermine feminism itself. To remain true to feminist theory, no aspect of male-female relations can be considered without first accepting the male as all powerful and the female as powerless. The gender hierarchy is omnipresent. Given this dynamic, the suggestion that women may rely upon physical violence for anything other than self-defense must be rejected [...] By relying upon the definition of domestic violence as a patriarchal tool of control, any methodology which is not similarly grounded within this contextual framework can be rejected outright. Specifically, studies categorized as quantitative are deemed "inherently patriarchal" and therefore invalid because their dependence upon scientific, empirical data does not account for the history and context of male domination over women.​

Referencias  Hecho

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